Calculi in medical terms1/14/2024 ![]() ![]() transverse scanning plane - the ultrasound beam enters the body from anterior, posterior or lateral (front, back, right, or left) position scans in a diagonal or transverse angle.transducers - devices that produce sound waves in ultrasounds and send return echoes to a computer, which compiles them into a sonogram.time gain compensation (TGC) - a technique in which signal gain increases as time passes (used to overcome attenuation).superior position - higher, toward the head.speckle noise - noise interference that reduces the quality of the image resolution in a sonogram.sound waves - waves of energy that are transmitted from a transducer through the gel couplant, skin and tissue they return as echoes after being reflected by structures in the body.sonogram - image produced during an ultrasound. ![]() scanning plane - direction at which the ultrasound beam enters the body.sagittal scanning plane - the ultrasound beam enters the body from anterior or posterior (front or back) position.reverberation artifact - event in which sound waves become trapped between two parallel structures and bounce between them before returning as echoes.pulsed-wave Doppler - Doppler technique that uses short and quick pulses of sound to measure the velocity of blood in a specific location.proximal position - toward the point of origin or trunk.power Doppler - highly sensitive Doppler technique that detects moving matter.posterior (or dorsal) position - toward the back.mechanical probes - a transducer that has a motor inside.medial position - toward the middle or center.M-mode (or motion mode) - early ultrasound modality that shows the time-motion display of the ultrasound wave displayed as a single scan line, not a visual image.lateral resolution - minimum distance between two reflectors perpendicular to the ultrasound beam direction.inferior position - lower, away from the head.hypoechoic - structures that return weaker echoes of sound waves and appear gray or black on a sonogram.hyperechoic - structures that return greater echoes of sound waves and appear bright white on a sonogram.gel couplant - gel used in an ultrasound scan functions as the medium through which sound energy is transmitted between the transducer and the patient's skin.Doppler ultrasound - procedure named after physicist Christan Doppler in which sound waves bounce off circulating red cells to measure blood flow often used to detect the heartbeat of a fetus.Doppler shift/Doppler effect - change in frequency as the transducer moves away from the source of the sound echoes.distal position - away from the point of origin or trunk.coronal scanning plane - the ultrasound beam enters the body from the lateral (right or left) direction.color flow Doppler - Doppler scan that measures blood flow by attributing color to different velocities of movement.B-mode (or brightness modulation) - an imaging technique that focuses on the brightness of the echo, not the amplitude spikes (such as in a typical 2D ultrasound).axial (or longitudinal) resolution - minimum distance between two reflectors along the ultrasound beam direction.attenuation - the tendency for ultrasound waves to decrease as they travel through tissues. ![]()
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